Thursday, February 23, 2012

Day 1, 23 February 2012

Nutrition

Calcium helps build/to support development of strong bones and health. 
Protein helps in tissue building and growth.
Carbohydrates take the form of sugars, and is one of the main sources supplying the body with energy. Studies has shown that at least 55% of our daily calories should come from carbohydrates.
Fats are commonly misunderstood to be "bad" for health. However, in actual fact, fats provide many benefits if taken in moderation. Fats are able to provide high amounts of energy to the body and many other benefits:
  • Elevate mood, resulting in less depression
  • Improve cognitive function in the elderly
  • Improve learning and attention span in school-children
  • Improve vision, especially night vision
  • Lower the risk of cardiovascular disease
  • Lowers the risk of breast and colon cancer
  • Promote healthy skin
The main function of iron is to help carry oxygen from the lungs to the muscles and other organs. About 30% of the body’s supply of iron is in storage, ready to be replaced if any is lost.  If the body is low in iron, the oxygen consumption will slow down, therefore causing fatigue, irritability and headaches to occur.

Fibre has many benefits: 

§  Combats constipation
§  Soften and expand stool volume, speeding up fecal transit and elimination.
§  Soluble fibre from barley, oats, some fruit and vegetables can help regulate blood sugar swings and by lowering serum cholesterol, protect against heart disease.
§  Soluble fibres such as pectin, bean and oat gums, and the types in legumes (chickpeas, pinto or kidney beans), could reduce excess blood fats.
§  May improve by diets rich in fibre, through its cholesterol lowering effects.
§  In the bowel, bacteria converts fibre into short chain fatty acids, which provide energy for the body and may help protect against cancer.
Sodium stimulates muscle contraction, helps to keep calcium and other minerals soluble in the blood, as well as stimulating the adrenal glands. It also aids in preventing heat strokes. However, high sodium levels can cause high blood pressure.
Vitamins 
  • Support and increase the rate of metabolism
  • Maintain healthy skin, hair and muscle tone
  • Enhance immune and nervous system function
  • Promote cell growth and division, including that of the red blood cells that help prevent anemia
  • Reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer

Breakfast: 6.10am

1) A glass of milk, 1 serving

Nutritional value of full-cream milk:
Ingredient
Energy (kcal)
Protein (g)
Total Fat (g)
Trans Fat(g)
Cholesterol (mg)
Carbohydrate
(g)
Calcium (mg)
Sodium (mg)
Milk, fluid, whole
198
9.6
11.4
0.6
34
14.4
360
106
Total (per serving)
198
9.6
11.4
0.6
34
14.4
360
106
Note: 1 serving = 1 cup

2) One slice of bread with 3 slices of extra thin ham 


Nutritional value of bread:

Ingredient
Energy (kcal)
Protein (g)
Total Fat (g)
Saturated Fat (g)
Iron (mg)
Carbohydrate
(g)
Dietary Fibre (g)
Sodium (mg)
Bread, Gardenia, white, high fibre
75
2.8
0.5
0.25
1
15.6
0.7
125
Total (per serving)
75
2.8
0.5
0.25
1
15.6
0.7
125

Note: 1 serving = 1 slice

Vitamin B1, Thiamine (mg)

0.22
Vitamin B2, Riboflavin (mg)

0.135
Vitamin B3, Niacin (mg)

1.44

Nutritional value of three extra thin slices of ham:
(http://www.hpb.gov.sg/hpb/ere/ere070205.asp)

Ingredient
Energy (kcal)
Protein (g)
Total Fat (g)
Saturated Fat (g)
Cholesterol (mg)
Carbohydrate
(g)
Dietary Fibre (g)
Sodium (mg)
Ham, honey baked
70
11
2
0.7
28
2
0.0
786
Total (per serving)
70
11
2
0.7
28
2
0.0
786

Note: 1 serving = 3 slices

Recess: 9.35am

Rice with scrambled eggs and 2 pieces of seaweed chicken (a chicken nugget wrapped in seaweed) 

Nutritional value of rice, 1 serving:

Ingredient
Energy (kcal)
Protein (g)
Total Fat (g)
Saturated Fat (g)
Cholesterol (mg)
Carbohydrate
(g)
Dietary Fibre (g)
Sodium (mg)
Rice, white, cooked
59
1
0
0.0
0
13
0.4
2
Total (per serving)
59
1
0
0.0
0
13
0.4
2
Note: 1 serving = 42g

Nutritional value of scrambled eggs:
Ingredient
Energy (kcal)
Protein (g)
Total Fat (g)
Saturated Fat (g)
Cholesterol (mg)
Carbohydrate
(g)
Dietary Fibre (g)
Sodium (mg)
Egg, hen, scrambled with whole milk, butter and pepper
99
6
8
3.7
192
0
0.0
86
Total (per serving)
99
6
8
3.7
192
0
0.0
86

Note: 1 serving =  1 whole egg

Nutritional value of seaweed chicken
Ingredient
Energy (kcal)
Protein (g)
Total Fat (g)
Saturated Fat (g)
Cholesterol (mg)
Carbohydrate
(g)
Dietary Fibre (g)
Sodium (mg)
Chicken nugget, with seaweed, Japanese style, deep fried
48
4
3
0.9
7
2
0.5
145
Total (per serving)
48
4
3
0.9
7
2
0.5
145

Note: 1 serving = 20 g

Dinner: 7pm


1) Brown rice with cabbage with prawns and one piece of luncheon meat 

Nutritional value of brown rice, 1 serving:

IngredientEnergy (kcal)Protein (g)Total Fat (g)Saturated Fat (g)Cholesterol (mg)Carbohydrate
(g)
Dietary Fibre (g)Sodium (mg)
Rice, brown, boiled63100.10130.61
Total (per serving)63100.10130.61

Note: 1 serving = 42g

Nutritional value of cabbage, 1 serving:

Ingredient
Energy (kcal)
Protein (g)
Total Fat (g)
Saturated Fat (g)
Cholesterol (mg)
Carbohydrate
(g)
Dietary Fibre (g)
Sodium (mg)
Cabbage, boiled, drained
7
0
0
0.0
0
1
0.7
2
Total (per serving)
7
0
0
0.0
0
1
0.7
2

Note: 1 serving = 30g

Nutritional value of luncheon meat, 1 piece:

Ingredient
Energy (kcal)
Protein (g)
Total Fat (g)
Saturated Fat (g)
Cholesterol (mg)
Carbohydrate
(g)
Dietary Fibre (g)
Sodium (mg)
Luncheon meat with egg, fried
74
3
7
2.4
44
1
0.5
97
Total (per serving)
74
3
7
2.4
44
1
0.5
97

Note: 1 serving = 1 slice = 25g

2) Corn soup 

Nutritional value of corn, 1 bowl:

Ingredient
Energy (kcal)
Protein (g)
Total Fat (g)
Saturated Fat (g)
Cholesterol (mg)
Carbohydrate
(g)
Dietary Fibre (g)
Sodium (mg)
Soup, corn and chicken
107
6
6
2.1
48
9
0.7
617
Total (per serving)
107
6
6
2.1
48
9
0.7
617

Note: 1 serving = 1 bowl of 16 ½ cm

3) Grapes 

Nutritional value of grapes, 1 serving:

Ingredient
Energy (kcal)
Protein (g)
Total Fat (g)
Saturated Fat (g)
Cholesterol (mg)
Carbohydrate
(g)
Dietary Fibre (g)
Sodium (mg)
Grape, black, unspecified type, raw
32
1
0
0.0
0
7
0.2
2
Total (per serving)
32
1
0
0.0
0
7
0.2
2

Note: 1 serving = 50g

Overall Analysis:
According to the Health Promotion Board, as a 13-going-14 year old, this is my recommended dietary allowance for normal healthy persons my age:
Age Group
Height
Weight
Protein
Iron
Vit A

Vit D
Thiamin
Riboflavin
Niacin
Equiv
Vit B12
Folic
Acid
Ascorbic
Acid
12 - < 14 yrs
157
46.5
63
18
725
2.5
0.84
1.26
13.9
2.0
200
30

14 - < 16 yrs
161
52
66
18
725
2.5
0.86
1.29
14.2
2.0
200
30



Graph of actual nutritional intake compared against RDA 
Energy
 72%
Carbohydrate
 39%
Protein
 119%
Total Fat
 116%
Saturated Fat
 139%
Cholesterol
 277%
Calcium
 50%
Dietary Fibre
 46%
Sodium
 196%

0
50100150200250300350
% RDA Met
Table showing the % of total calories of diet versus recommendation
% of total energy intake
Your dietRecommendation
Total Carbohydrates32%55 - 65%
Total Protein21%10 - 15%
Total Fat48%25 - 30%


I think that the food I have taken today is rather balanced  as there was a variety of food kinds, e.g. vegetables, fruits, meat and rice. There were some that are quite unhealthy if a large quantity is taken, e.g. luncheon meat, and I should consume less of these oily and fatty foods.

One of the key understandings from today's findings is that "fat" actually has many health benefits, contrary to the common belief that it is "very bad for health"  and that we should not consume fatty foods. In fact, if we were to consume zero fats, our health would be greatly affected and it could possibly lead to higher chances of fatal diseases and death.  

I have exceeded the amount of fats I should be taking. It may have been due to the eggs and the luncheon meat. I have to take into consideration of this and consume less fatty, sweet and oily foods as they increase the chance of many fatal conditions, e.g. heart diseases or high blood pressure. Also, my sodium intake is also above the recommended amount. I should consume less salt and sauces as excess sodium could possibly cause hypertension. 

I am lacking in calcium and dietary fibre. To increase the amount of calcium, I have to consume calcium-enriched breads and biscuits, green leafy vegetables, calcium-fortified juices, high-calcium soya bean milk, ikan bilis, sardines (with bones), tofu, as well as milk and other dairy products. Vitamin D helps our body absorb calcium. The human body can make this vitamin after sunlight hits the skin and thus I should receive sunlight for about 30-60 minutes everyday. 

Eating healthily is an essential part of our lives. To keep fit and healthy, we have to consume a balanced diet, one that includes whole-grains, vegetables, fruits, meat, etc. Snacks or food that have large amounts of sugar and salt may be delicious but must be eaten in moderation. After all, too much of anything is bad! 











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